Fredrick Engels Economics

Fredrick Engels tried to understand society at a time when Europe was embracing capitalism. The period was characterized by industrial development and private ownership of property. Modern technology contributed to modernization of production.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Fredrick Engels: Economics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The society had to change from previous modes such as feudalism to capitalism. Many scholars gave their views as regards to economic organization. Engels had his own views that were purely socialist in nature. According to Engels, resources should be controlled by society not individuals. In society, the owners of the means of production own everything whereas the proletariat owns nothing. The workers produce goods that they do not consume mainly because of high prices. Goods and services are extremely expensive for the working class since they are paid little. Pauperization finds it s way to society because people cannot meet their needs. Political leaders take advantage of the prevailing conditions to buy votes from workers. Workers have nothing to offer in society apart from cheap labor (Engels 87). This paper analyzes how Engels viewed society and how he wanted the society to be. The paper addresses four major issues that are of concern to the working class. These include exploitation, alienation, subjugation and domination. Engels observed that economic organization was the central aspect of society. This means that the means of production such as tools, raw materials and skills are very important as compared to other values. Economics controls all forms of human life including social, political and cultural life. He referred to economics as the base meaning the foundation upon which other structures are developed. The superstructure such as ideas, culture, politics, education system and religion is controlled by economics. The rich persons use their wealth to acquire education and political power. Workers are perpetually pushed to the periphery if not subjugated. Workers exist only at the mercy of the ruling class.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In other words, life is completely dependent on production and distribution of goods. Engels focuses more on materialistic interpretation of human history. He criticizes the existing social arrangement that is based on material resources. He correctly observes that the central institution of capitalistic society is private ownership of property. It is true that societal resources are controlled by the few in the capitalistic society. Goods are produced for the market not for domestic or communal consumption. Therefore, the major aim of the owners of the means of production is profit maximization. In this regard, they use all available means to accumulate resources. Engels observed that t he owners of the means of production bribe voters to acquire state power. State machinery is employed to suppress any efforts of liberation. Police officers are used to prevent workers from exercising their democratic right of demonstration. The labor unions are influenced by labor ministries to accept biased labor laws. The learned members of society and religious leaders are also influenced by bourgeoisies to pacify the population. Intellectuals rationalize, legitimize and justify the existing social order, which is distorted in real sense. Religious leaders quote some specific verses of holy books to prove to the proletariat that everything is okay. Verses such as ‘be contended with your lot’ encourage the working class to work hard. Societal institutions such as the media are also objects that exist to serve the interests of the bourgeoisies (Engels 97). The owners of the means of production use the media to spread their ideology and propaganda. Furthermore, the med ia is used to market products that only benefit the bourgeoisie. Engels used the idea of dialectics to show how change would occur. Change would occur in form of a revolution. The existing social order, which he terms as thesis will generate its anti-thesis. From the struggle, a qualitative and a more appealing social order would emerge called synthesis.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Fredrick Engels: Economics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Engels perceived the synthesis as being people oriented. The state would be forced to serve the interests of the majority. This is what other scholars refer to as social democracy or socialism. Resources would be distributed equality among members of society. However, he cautions that the bourgeoisie will not sit back and watch the proletariat take over state power. The owners of the means of production would use all available resources and techniques to maintain status q uo. Through this, many will lose their lives. According to Engels, nothing would overthrow the rule of minority other than a revolution. Some workers will be bribed to betray their fellow proletariat but workers will identify such tricks and move on with their plans. Engels continues to give his views by noting that profits would fall among capitalists mainly because of competition. At the same time, workers would gain consciousness and demand for their labor rights. Capitalists will resort to using technology because it is easy to control. Workers would then wage a war due to unemployment and hard economic life. This is how a socialist revolution will take place. In other words, Engels appreciates the relationship between the worker and the bourgeoisie. It is a complex relationship (Engels 101). Workers need employment whereas the bourgeoisie needs labor. In conclusion, workers cannot exist without the presence of the bourgeoisie. The employers try to eliminate workers from the pro duction process by resorting technology. Domination, exploitation, alienation and subjugation have reached climax in the 21st century. Each company produces goods for the market. Workers are expected to work like machines implying that Engels postulations are accurate. There is no time for leisure and social recreation in the modern world. The worker is only given some time to carry out animal related activities such as eating, sleeping and procreating.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Works Cited Engels, Fredrick. Condition of the Working Class in England. London: Penguin Classics, 1987. This essay on Fredrick Engels: Economics was written and submitted by user Haiden Y. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. 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Usefulness of Testing essays

Usefulness of Testing essays There are many benefits that come with testing human beings. First, testing young children allows schools to ensure they are placed in a proper classroom setting based on their age and ability to learn. This is considered mandatory academic testing in order for school officials and parents to assess the ability of children who are just beginning school. Second, people of any age have the freedom to take tests that will allow them the opportunity to reveal certain strengths of their personality as well as personal and professional preferences. These are optional tests that, answered honestly, allow people to find out a lot about their inner selves. Third, people can appropriately be qualified or disqualified from certain organizations through specific testing. These types of tests allow people to pursue a higher level of education, a lifestyle change, or a specialized career. Clearly there are many types of tests, which have proven to be beneficial to the majority of the populat ion. Testing can allow elementary schools to properly place young children into appropriate classes. In these classes, children can interact and learn with other students of their same age and learning ability. Obviously it wouldnt be fair to have an average or above average student in a class for children whose ability to learn is below average. Just as it would not be fair to put a mentally retarded student in a class with extremely bright children. Furthermore, it wouldnt be appropriate to place a 16-year-old into a class full of 10-year-olds. The speed, at which these types of children learn is very different from each other. In addition, the amount of information that these types of children can soak up and interpret is also extremely varied. Keeping children within an appropriate class that meets their needs can alleviate boredom, fear, anxiety, and the possibility of being made fun of for being dif ...

In the presence of horizontal product differentiation, there is a Essay - 1

In the presence of horizontal product differentiation, there is a tension between the desire to weaken price competition and the desire for increased market share - Essay Example A product has many dimensions and attributes such as technical and quality standards, design and service characteristics. An important distinction to be considered in product differentiation is horizontal and vertical differentiation. Vertical product differentiation is â€Å"where a firm’s product differs from its rival’s products in respect to quality† (Jobber, 2004, p. 145), whereas in horizontal product differentiation, the firm tends to differentiate its products in terms of features, while maintaining the same quality. The costs of products that are produced with horizontal differences do not vary to a great extent, as the production processes are similar for these products and hence it is common for these products to have the same price. However, this differs from the customer’s perspectives. The availability of a larger variety of products will increase the chances of the customer finding the product that closely meets his requirements and hence can increase his surplus. Moreover, horizontal product differentiation will enable the firms to sell its products to new customers, by meeting their needs and this will lead to the overall growth of the company (Johnson, Scholes and Whittington, 2006). Horizontal product differentiation has made it possible for a firm to produce different products of roughly the same quality with a difference in the list of features. This will lead to the production of new products with no increase in marginal costs. It is imperative to note that the presence of horizontal product differentiation has led to the conflict between the objective of weakening the price competition and the objective of increasing the market share. This is made clear by applying the spatial concept of Hotelling model to the concept of product differentiation (Hotelling, 1929). The price that a customer is willing to pay for a